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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(6): 311-315, nov.-dez. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-985316

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a variação da pressão intraocular e da pressão de perfusão ocular durante sessão de hemodiálise, nos períodos pré, intra (a cada hora) e pós dialítico, em pacientes tratados em Serviços de Referência em hemodiálise da cidade de Fortaleza - CE. Métodos: O estudo foi longitudinal e prospectivo. 45 pacientes foram submetidos à hemodiálise. Todos os pacientes foram recrutados a fazer um exame oftalmológico, além da aferição da pressão intraocular com o Tonopen. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 26 homens e 19 mulheres com idade média de 51,8 anos. O estudo revelou que há uma diferença importante entre a pressão intraocular pré e pós hemodiálise, diminuindo em média 2,59 mmHg. Ao analisar a pressão de perfusão ocular, foi encontrado um aumento médio de 1,85 mmHg entre o início e o término da hemodiálise. Conclusão: De acordo com o presente estudo, o processo de hemodiálise é um procedimento aparentemente seguro em relação à alteração da pressão intraocular e da pressão de perfusão ocular, como causadores de patologias oculares, principalmente o glaucoma.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the variation of intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure during hemodialysis sessions, in the pre, intra (hourly) and post dialytic periods, in patients treated at Hemodialysis Reference Services in Fortaleza - CE. Methods: The study was longitudinal and prospective. 45 patients underwent hemodialysis. All patients were recruited to undergo an ophthalmologic examination, in addition to the intraocular pressure measurement with Tonopen. Results: The sample consisted of 26 men and 19 women with a mean age of 51.8 years. The study revealed that there is an important difference between pre and post hemodialysis intraocular pressure, decreasing by an average of 2.59 mmHg. When analyzing ocular perfusion pressure, an average increase of 1.85 mmHg was found between the onset and end of hemodialysis. Conclusion: According to the present study, the hemodialysis process is an apparently safe procedure in relation to altered intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure, as causes of ocular pathologies, mainly glaucoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Renal Dialysis , Eye/blood supply , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Ophthalmoscopy , Regional Blood Flow , Time Factors , Tonometry, Ocular , Visual Acuity , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Slit Lamp Microscopy
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(3): 143-147, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888111

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) and extraocular orbital vessels with color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and investigate the effects of obesity on retrobulbar blood flow. Methods: Fifty-nine patients were included in this prospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to body mass index: Group 1 (31 obese patients) and Group 2 (28 non-obese patients). IOP was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer, and CDU was used to evaluate the retrobulbar vessels. Results: The mean IOP was 18 ± 6.68 mmHg in the obese group and 13.71 ± 1.60 mmHg in the control group (p<0.001). When the CDU values for the central retinal artery were compared between the groups, the pulsatility index was found to be significantly lower in the obese group than in the control group (p<0.001). When the CDU values for the ophthalmic artery (OA) were compared between the groups, the peak systolic velocity (p<0.001) and end-diastolic velocity (p=0.002) values were found to be significantly lower in the obese group than in the control group. Conclusions: Obese patients have a higher mean IOP and lower flow velocity than non-obese patients. Increased IOP together with decreased retrobulbar blood flow, particularly in obese individuals, may increase the risk of glaucoma development.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a pressão intraocular (PIO) e vasos orbitários extraoculares com ultrassom Doppler colorido (UDC) e investigar os efeitos da obesidade sobre o fluxo sanguíneo retrobulbar. Métodos: Cinquenta e nove pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo prospectivo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o índice de massa corpo ral (IMC): Grupo 1 (31 pacientes obesos) e Grupo 2 (28 não obesos). As pressões intraoculares (PIOs) foram medidas com tonômetro de aplanação de Goldmann e o UDC foi utilizada para a avaliação de vasos retrobulbar. Resultados: As PIOs foram 18 ± 6,68 mmHg nos pacientes obesos e 13,71 ± 1,60 mmHg nos grupos controle (p<00,001). Quando os valores da artéria central da retina (ACR) foram comparados entre os grupos controle e obeso. O índice pulsátil (PI) foi marcadamente menor no grupo obeso (p<00,001). Quando os valores da artéria oftálmica (AO) dos grupos obesos e de controle foram comparados. Os valores de Velocidade do pico sistólico (PSV) (p<00,001) e velocidade diastólica final (EDV) (p=00,002) foram significativamente mais baixos no grupo obeso. Conclusão: Pacientes obesos têm maior PIO do que os pacientes não obesos. Os pacientes obesos têm diminuição nas velocidades de fluxo da AO. O aumento da PIO. Juntamente com a diminuição do fluxo sanguíneo retrobulbar, especialmente em indivíduos obesos, pode aumentar o risco de desenvolvimento de glaucoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ophthalmic Artery/physiopathology , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Retinal Artery/physiopathology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Ophthalmic Artery/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Retinal Artery/diagnostic imaging , Tonometry, Ocular , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Sex Factors , Glaucoma/etiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Statistics, Nonparametric , Eye/blood supply , Hemodynamics/physiology
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(4): 229-232, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794575

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effect of hemodialysis on retinal and choroidal thicknesses using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: In this prospective interventional study, 25 hemodialysis patients (17 male, 8 female) were enrolled. All participants underwent high-speed, high-resolution SD-OCT (λ=840 mm; 26.000 A-scans/s; 5 µm resolution) before and after hemodialysis. Choroidal thickness was measured perpendicularly from the outer edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid-sclera boundary at the fovea and at five additional points: 500 µm and 1000 µm nasal to the fovea and 500 µm, 1000 µm, and 1500 µm temporal to the fovea. Two masked physicians performed the measurements. Choroidal and retinal thicknesses before and after hemodialysis were compared. Results: The median choroidal thicknesses before and after hemodialysis were 182 µm (range, 103-374 µm) and 161 µm (range, 90-353 µm), respectively (P<0.001). The median retinal thicknesses were 246 µm (range, 179-296 µm) before and 248 µm (range, 141-299 µm) after hemodialysis (P>0.05). Systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and ocular perfusion pressure significantly decreased after hemodialysis (P<0.001). Intraocular pressure did not vary significantly (P=0.540). Conclusion: Hemodialysis seems to cause a significant decrease in choroidal thickness, whereas it has no effect on retinal thickness. This significant decrease in choroidal thickness might be due to the extensive fluid absorption in hemodialysis, which could result in decreased ocular blood flow.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da hemodiálise (HD) na espessura da retina (RT) e na espessura da coroide (CT) usando tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (SD-OCT). Método: Neste estudo prospectivo intervencionista foram incluídos 25 pacientes em HD (17 homens e 8 mulheres). Todos os participantes foram submetidos a SD-OCT com dispositivo de alta resolução (λ=840 mm; 26.000 A-scans/seg e resolução de 5 µm), antes e após HD. A CT foi medida perpendicularmente a partir da borda externa do epitélio pigmentar da retina até o limite coroide-esclera na fóvea e em mais de 5 pontos localizados 500 µm nasal à fóvea, 1.000 µm nasal à fóvea; 500 µm temporal à fóvea, 1.000 µm temporal à fóvea, e 1.500 µm temporal à fóvea. Dois médicos realizaram as medidas sem o conhecimento do diagnóstico. Os dados da CT e RT, antes e após a HD foram comparados. Resultados: As CTs medianas antes e após a HD foram 182 µm (variação de 103-374 µm) e 161 µm (variação de 90-353 µm), respectivamente (p<0,001). A RT foi 246 µm (variação de 179-296 µm) antes e 248 µm (variação de 141-299 µm) após a HD (p>0,05). A pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica, as médias de pressão arterial média, frequência cardíaca e pressão de perfusão ocular diminuíram significativamente após HD (p<0,001). A pressão intraocular não alterou significativamente (p=0,540). Conclusão: A HD parece causar uma redução significativa da CT, e não ter efeito sobre a RT. Esta redução significativa da CT pode ser devida à grande absorção de fluido durante a HD, o que pode resultar numa diminuição do fluxo sanguíneo ocular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Retina/anatomy & histology , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Choroid/anatomy & histology , Choroid/diagnostic imaging , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Organ Size , Reference Values , Retina/physiopathology , Time Factors , Observer Variation , Prospective Studies , Choroid/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Eye/blood supply , Hemodynamics , Intraocular Pressure , Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 73(3): 182-184, May-Jun/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-727187

ABSTRACT

A trombose do seio cavernoso (TSC) é uma situação clínica rara, resultando normalmente da complicação de um processo infeccioso dos seios paranasais. Outras causas incluem alterações pró-trombóticas, anemia e trauma. Os sinais e sintomas são extremamente variados e inespecíficos, sendo o seu diagnóstico efetuado através de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN). Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de uma doente com 75 anos de idade, que recorre ao serviço de urgência devido à dor em olho direito vermelho associado à cefaléias frontais com quatro dias de evolução. Ao exame oftalmológico observou-se defeito pupilar aferente relativo no olho direito (OD); na biomicroscopia vasos episclerais dilatados, catarata nuclear e à fundoscopia um edema discreto da papila com apagamento do rebordo nasal, hemorragias punctiformes dispersas e tortuosidade vascular em OD. A realização de angio-RMN confirmou o diagnóstico tendo a doente sido tratada com enoxaparina. Apesar do tratamento da TSC ser um tratamento etiológico, foi demonstrado que a anticoagulação está associada à diminuição da taxa de mortalidade.


Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare condition, usually results from a late complication of an infection of the paranasal sinuses. Other causes include prothrombotic disorders, anemia and trauma. The signs and symptoms are extremely varied and nonspecific, being the diagnosis made through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The authors present a 75-year-old woman, admitted in the emergency room complaining of ocular pain in the right eye (RE), red eye and frontal headache. She presented on ophthalmic examination of the RE: dilated episcleral vessels, nuclear cataract and a relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundoscopy examination of the RE revealed disc edema with nasal disc margin blurred, small dot hemorrhages and vascular tortuosity. The MRI angiography confirmed the diagnosis and the patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin. Despite treatment of CST is directed to the causal situation, being shown that anticoagulation is associated with reduction in mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Eye Manifestations , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Fluorometholone/therapeutic use , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/drug therapy , Eye/blood supply , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi
5.
SQUMJ-Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2013; 13 (1): 137-142
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-126063

ABSTRACT

Ocular ischaemic syndrome [OIS] is a relatively uncommon condition. Simultaneous bilateral involvement is even less common and has been reported in only 22% of all cases of OIS. It has variable clinical presentations, of which visual loss and ocular pain are the most common. It is believed to occur when there is a 90% or greater carotid artery obstruction. This syndrome is often associated with a number of systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Only occasionally has it been described as a complication of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. We report an unusual case of bilateral OIS secondary to bilateral internal carotid artery thrombosis as a complication of invasive rhinocerebral mucormycosis. In addition, a review of clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up and treatment options for OIS is provided


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Eye/blood supply , Ischemia , Carotid Stenosis , Fluorescein Angiography , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(2): 106-109, Mar.-Apr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593131

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure during a hemodialysis. METHODS: Sixty-seven eyes from thirty-five patients were evaluated at the beggining of hemodialysis, 2 hours and 4 hours after initiation. Intraocular pressure was evaluated using a Tonopen. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were measured with a manual sphygmomanometer. The ocular perfusion pressure was estimated by mea suring the difference between 2/3 of the mean arterial pressure and the intraocular pressure values. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the difference between the repeated measurements using the appropriate correction for inter-eye dependency. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in ocular perfusion pressure, in intraocular pressure (p=0.93) and in systolic arterial pressure (p=0.92) at the three time points (p=0.69). But, when analyzing the extreme values, some patients exhibited lower diastolic perfusion pressures at all time points. CONCLUSION: Our results did not support the view that significant changes in ocular perfusion pressure and intraocular pressure occur during hemodialysis session. However, we observed that some patients exhibited lower diastolic perfusion pressures, which could be a poor prognostic factor for glaucoma patients.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a pressão intraocular e a pressão de perfusão ocular durante uma sessão de hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e sete olhos de trinta e cinco pacientes foram avaliados no início, após 2 horas e após 4 horas do início de uma sessão de hemodiálise. A pressão intraocular foi avaliada usando o aparelho Tonopen. Pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica foram aferidas usando esfigmomanômetro manual. A pressão de perfusão ocular foi estimada por meio do cálculo da diferença entre 2/3 da pressão arterial média e valores da pressão intraocular. Equações de estimação generalizada foram usadas para avaliar a diferença entre medidas repetidas usando correção apropriada para dependência entres olhos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na pressão de perfusão ocular, PIO (p=0,93) e na pressão arterial sistólica (p=0,92) nos três períodos medidos da hemodiálise (p=0,69). Mas, quando analisados valores extremos, alguns pacientes exibiram pressões diastólicas menores em todos os períodos aferidos. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados não apontaram mudanças significativas na pressão de perfusão ocular e pressão intraocular durante a hemodiálise. No entanto, foi observado que alguns pacientes exibiram pressões diastólicas menores, o que pode ser um fator de prognóstico ruim para pacientes com glaucoma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Eye/blood supply , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Renal Dialysis , Analysis of Variance , Blood Pressure/physiology , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Time Factors
7.
MEAJO-Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology. 2011; 18 (3): 256-258
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-130068

ABSTRACT

Ophthalmic vein thrombosis is an extremely rare entity. We present a case of middle-aged female who presented with proptosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed cavernous sinus meningioma with ipsilateral superior and inferior vein thrombosis. A brief review of the vascular involvement of the meningioma and ophthalmic vein thrombosis is presented along with the case


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Veins , Eye/blood supply , Cavernous Sinus/pathology , Meningioma/complications , Meningioma/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
8.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 99-101, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-47182

ABSTRACT

Color Doppler imaging (CDI) was carried out to evaluate the effects of anti-glaucoma drugs on ophthalmic circulation using CDI-derived resistive index (RI) values. CDI was performed on nine Beagle dogs, and RI values were calculated for the medial long posterior ciliary artery before and after the administration of anti-glaucoma drugs. A significant increase in RI values was found after topical administration of levobunolol (p < 0.05) or dipivefrin (p < 0.05). Pilocarpine showed no effects on RI values after topical administration. The results suggest that some anti-glaucoma drugs could affect ophthalmic blood flow.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Adrenergic Agonists/pharmacology , Ciliary Arteries/drug effects , Epinephrine/analogs & derivatives , Eye/blood supply , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Levobunolol/therapeutic use , Ocular Physiological Phenomena , Pilocarpine/therapeutic use , Vascular Resistance
9.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 60(5): 495-512, set.-out. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560679

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A anestesia peribulbar pode reduzir o fluxo sanguíneo ocular (FSO) por elevação da pressão intraocular (PIO) ou ação de fármacos. A ropivacaína tem baixa toxicidade e ação vasoconstritora intrínseca ainda não comprovada sobre vasculatura ocular. Medidas da amplitude de pulso ocular (APO) permitem avaliação indireta do FSO. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar, via FSO, a ação vasoconstritora da ropivacaína em anestesia peribulbar. MÉTODO: Quarenta olhos submetidos a bloqueio peribulbar com 7 mL de solução anestésica, sem vasoconstritor, foram separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: ropivacaína (n = 20) e bupivacaína (n = 20). Foram avaliados PIO, pressão de perfusão ocular (PPO), APO, variáveis hemodinâmicas e grau de acinesia antes e aos 5 e 10 minutos após bloqueio peribulbar. Para avaliação dos parâmetros oculares, utilizou-se tonômetro de contorno dinâmico. A sedação foi idêntica nos dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Não houve variação significativa dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e da intensidade de bloqueio motor entre os grupos. Aos 5 e 10 minutos houve diferença de PIO, PPO e APO entre os grupos (p < 0,05). A variação da PIO aos 5 e 10 minutos foi, respectivamente, de -0,88 por cento e -4,54 por cento com ropivacaína e 17,61 por cento e 16,56 por cento com bupivacaína. A alteração da PPO após 5 e 10 minutos foi de 1,5 por cento e 4,2 por cento com ropivacaína, e de -7 por cento e -6 por cento com bupivacaína. A APO variou -55,59 por cento e -59,67 por cento com ropivacaína aos 5 e 10 minutos, e -34,71 por cento e -28,82 por cento com bupivacaína. CONCLUSÕES: A ropivacaína reduziu mais intensamente a amplitude de pulso ocular, apesar das pequenas alterações de PIO e PPO. A diminuição do fluxo sanguíneo ocular pela ropivacaína pode ser atribuída ao seu efeito vasoconstritor.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peribulbar anesthesia can reduce ocular blood flow (OBF) by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) or due to the action of drugs. Ropivacaine has low toxicity and intrinsic vasoconstrictive properties, yet to be proven on the ocular vasculature. Measurements of ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) allow the indirect evaluation of the OBF. The objective of the present study was to evaluate through the OBF the vasoconstrictive properties of ropivacaine in peribulbar anesthesia. METHODS: Forty eyes undergoing peribulbar anesthesia with 7 mL of anesthetic solution without vasoconstrictor were randomly divided into two groups: ropivacaine (n = 20) and bupivacaine (n = 20). The IOP, ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), OPA, hemodynamic parameters, and the degree of akinesia before and 5 and 10 minutes after the blockade were evaluated. A dynamic contour tonometer was used to evaluate ocular parameters. Sedation was similar in both groups. RESULTS: A significant variation in hemodynamic parameters and intensity of the motor blockade was not observed between groups. Differences in IOP, OPP, and OPA (p < 0.05) were observed between both groups at 5 and 10 minutes. The variation of IOP at 5 and 10 minutes was -0.88 percent and -4.54 percent, respectively with ropivacaine, and 17.61 percent and 16.56 percent with bupivacaine. The change in OPP after 5 and 10 minutes was 1.5 percent and 4.2 percent with ropivacaine, and -7 percent and -6 percent with bupivacaine. Ocular pulse amplitude varied -55.59 percent and -59.67 percent with ropivacaine at 5 and 10 minutes, and -34.71 percent and -28.82 percent with bupivacaine. CONCLUSIONS: Ropivacaine reduced more intensely the ocular pulse amplitude despite little changes in IOP and OPP. The reduction in ocular blood flow caused by ropivacaine can be attributed to its vasoconstrictive effect.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La anestesia peribulbar puede reducir el flujo sanguíneo ocular (FSO) por elevación de la presión intraocular (PIO) o por la acción de fármacos. La ropivacaína tiene una baja toxicidad y una acción vasoconstrictora intrínseca que todavía no ha sido comprobada sobre la vasculatura ocular. Medidas de la amplitud del pulso ocular (APO) permiten una evaluación indirecta del FSO. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar, vía FSO, la acción vasoconstrictora de la ropivacaína en la anestesia peribulbar. MÉTODO: Cuarenta pacientes, sometidos a bloqueo peribulbar con 7 mL de solución anestésica, sin vasoconstrictor, fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: Ropivacaína (n = 20) y bupivacaína (n = 20). Se evaluaron PIO, presión de perfusión ocular (PPO), APO, variables hemodinámicas y el grado de acinesia antes y a los 5 y 10 minutos posteriores al bloqueo peribulbar. Para la evaluación de los parámetros oculares, se utilizó el tonómetro de contorno dinámico. La sedación fue idéntica en los dos grupos. RESULTADOS: No se registró variación significativa de los parámetros hemodinámicos y de la intensidad del bloqueo motor. A los 5 y 10 minutos, se registró una diferencia de PIO, PPO y APO entre los grupos (p < 0,05). La variación de la PIO a los 5 y 10 minutos fue, respectivamente, de -0,88 por ciento y -4,54 por ciento con ropivacaína y de 17,61 por ciento y 16,56 por ciento con bupivacaína. La alteración de la PPO después de 5 y 10 minutos fue de 1,5 por ciento y 4,2 por ciento con ropivacaína, y de -7 por ciento y -6 por ciento con bupivacaína. La APO varió -55,59 por ciento y -59,67 por ciento con ropivacaína a los 5 y 10 minutos, y -34,71 por ciento y -28,82 por ciento con bupivacaína. CONCLUSIONES: La ropivacaína redujo más intensamente la amplitud del pulso ocular, a pesar de las pequeñas alteraciones de PIO y PPO. La disminución del flujo sanguíneo ocular por la ropivacaína puede ser atribuida a su efecto vasoconstrictor.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Amides/therapeutic use , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Eye/blood supply , Vasoconstriction/drug effects , Conjunctiva/transplantation , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Pterygium/surgery , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
10.
São Paulo; s.n; 2010. 102 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-579406

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A orbitopatia de Graves é uma doença autoimune cujas manifestações clínicas ocorrem por infiltração tecidual inflamatória. Apresenta estágio ativo inicial e estágio sequelar posteriormente, podendo se manifestar nas formas clínicas miogênica ou lipogênica. A inflamação da órbita pode gerar importante congestão, agravando manifestações clínicas e comprometendo o sucesso da terapia específica em alguns pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho é a avaliação da congestão orbitária feita pelo estudo das características do fluxo sanguíneo na veia oftálmica superior, por meio do Doppler colorido de órbitas, nos grupos de pacientes com orbitopatia de graves em fase ativa, em fase sequelar miogênica e em fase sequelar lipogênica, além do grupo controle. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal prospectivo realizado entre maio de 2006 e abril de 2008 no Serviço de Órbita do HCFMUSP. Noventa órbitas de 46 pacientes com orbitopatia de Graves foram incluídas, assim como 38 órbitas de 20 pacientes do grupo controle. Foi feito exame oftalmológico completo e avaliação pelo DCO em todos os pacientes. Pacientes com orbitopatia de Graves foram divididos em grupos com doença em atividade e doença em estágio sequelar nas apresentações miogênicas ou lipogênicas. O sentido, as velocidades máxima e mínima do fluxo sanguíneo na veia oftálmica superior, e o intervalo entre as mesmas, foram aferidos. Os achados foram comparados entre os diferentes grupos e analisados também em relação à restrição muscular, exoftalmometria, escore de atividade clínica, idade, sexo, lado estudado, comorbidades e tabagismo. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada diferença no sentido do fluxo sanguíneo da veia oftálmica superior (p<0,001), na velocidade máxima (p=0,001), na velocidade mínima (p=0,002) e no intervalo entre a velocidade máxima e a mínima do mesmo (p<0,001) entre os grupos de estudo. A velocidade máxima do fluxo sanguíneo apresentou correlação com a restrição muscular (p=0,003), o escore de atividade...


INTRODUCTION: Graves orbitopathy is an autoimmune disease whose clinical manifestations are secondary to inflammatory tissue infiltration. It presents an initial active stage and a later latent stage, and can manifest myogenic or lipogenic clinical forms. Inflammation of the orbit can generate significant congestion, worsening clinical manifestations and limiting the success of specific therapy in some patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate orbital congestion studying the characteristics of blood flow in the superior ophthalmic vein with the color Doppler in groups of patients with Graves Orbitopathy in active stage, lipogenic latent stage and myogenic latent stage, and patients from the control group. METHODS: Transversal study made between May 2006 and April 2008 in the Orbit Department of University of São Paulo Medical School. Ninety orbits from 46 patients with Graves orbitopathy and 38 orbits from 20 patients of the control group were included. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological exams including color Doppler of the orbits. Patients with Graves orbitopathy were divided in active stage, latent lipogenic stage and latent myogenic stage groups. The direction of venous blood flow in the superior ophthalmic vein and its maximum and minimum velocities - including the interval between them - were measured. The results were compared among the groups and analyzed also in relation to muscular restriction, exophthalmometry, clinical activity score, age, sex, studied orbit side, comorbidities and use of tobacco. RESULTS: There was difference in blood flow direction of the superior ophthalmic vein (p<0,001), blood flow maximum speed (p=0,001), blood flow minimum speed (p=0,002) and blood flow speed interval (p<0,001) among the groups of this study. Blood flow maximum speed presented correlation with muscle restriction (p=0,003), clinical...


Subject(s)
Humans , Graves Ophthalmopathy , Orbit , Eye/blood supply , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
11.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2009 Jul; 57(4): 257-266
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135957

ABSTRACT

Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness, is characterized by changes in the optic disc and visual field defects. The elevated intraocular pressure was considered the prime factor responsible for the glaucomatous optic neuropathy involving death of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. Extensive investigations into the pathophysiology of glaucoma now reveal the role of multiple factors in the development of retinal ganglion cell death. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is crucial in the development of better therapeutic options. This review is an effort to summarize the current concepts in the pathophysiology of glaucoma so that newer therapeutic targets can be recognized.The literature available in the National Medical Library and online Pubmed search engine was used for literature review.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Eye/blood supply , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/etiology , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Glaucoma/therapy , Glutamic Acid/metabolism , Humans , Ischemia/complications , Ocular Hypertension/complications , Retinal Ganglion Cells
13.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 1(2): 39-43, 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1017761

ABSTRACT

La mayoría de los estudios posibilitan actualmente relacionar los cambios de la presión intraocular como un hecho más del síndrome de desequilibrio durante la diálisis. Existe aumento de la presión intraocular durante la hemodiálisis en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. La osmolaridad y el tiempo en hemodiálisis en pacientes renales crónicos...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Eye/blood supply , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Paraguay
14.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 132-134, 2009.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-129544

ABSTRACT

We report a case of ocular ischemic syndrome accompanied by neovascular glaucoma that was successfully treated with Bevacizumab. A 70-year-old male patient diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma of the left eye 3-4 years prior complained of continuous left eye pain and declining visual acuity despite receiving the latest treatment methods. At the time of admission the patient had no light perception in the left eye and his intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg. Anterior segment and fundus examinations revealed neovascularization of the iris and stenosis of the retinal vessel. Hypofluorescence of the choroid and retinal vessels was observed on fluorescence fundus angiography. Left internal carotid artery stenosis was observed on a brain MRI. Despite being treated with eye solution and oral medication, intraocular pressure was not controlled. After 7 days, we performed an intravitreal Bevacizumab 1.25 mg/0.05mL injection. One day after the intravitreal Bevacizumab injection, the neovascularization had nearly regressed and intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg. Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection produced regression of neovascularization and proved effective for treatment of neovascular glaucoma in this case of ocular ischemic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Carotid Stenosis/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Eye/blood supply , Fluorescein Angiography , Fundus Oculi , Glaucoma, Neovascular/diagnosis , Injections , Ischemia/complications , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Vitreous Body
15.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 132-134, 2009.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-129529

ABSTRACT

We report a case of ocular ischemic syndrome accompanied by neovascular glaucoma that was successfully treated with Bevacizumab. A 70-year-old male patient diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma of the left eye 3-4 years prior complained of continuous left eye pain and declining visual acuity despite receiving the latest treatment methods. At the time of admission the patient had no light perception in the left eye and his intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg. Anterior segment and fundus examinations revealed neovascularization of the iris and stenosis of the retinal vessel. Hypofluorescence of the choroid and retinal vessels was observed on fluorescence fundus angiography. Left internal carotid artery stenosis was observed on a brain MRI. Despite being treated with eye solution and oral medication, intraocular pressure was not controlled. After 7 days, we performed an intravitreal Bevacizumab 1.25 mg/0.05mL injection. One day after the intravitreal Bevacizumab injection, the neovascularization had nearly regressed and intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg. Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection produced regression of neovascularization and proved effective for treatment of neovascular glaucoma in this case of ocular ischemic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Carotid Stenosis/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Eye/blood supply , Fluorescein Angiography , Fundus Oculi , Glaucoma, Neovascular/diagnosis , Injections , Ischemia/complications , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Vitreous Body
16.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 6-9, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-78063

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the normal reference range of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) values in healthy Korean subjects and to find out the factors that may affect them. METHODS: A total of 280 eyes of 280 normal subjects were included in this study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length, POBF, systemic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured. The mean, standard deviation, range, and the 5th and 95th percentiles of POBF were calculated, and the influences of various parameters to POBF were determined by multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: The mean POBF value was 766.0+/-221.6 microliter/min in men and 1021.1+/-249.5 microliter/min in women. The 5th and 95th percentiles for POBF values were 486.0 microliter/min and 1140.0 microliter/min in men and 672.0 microliter/min and 1458.0 microliter/min in women. The POBF values were significantly influenced by gender, mean blood pressure, pulse rate, and axial length. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the POBF values were influenced by gender, BP, and axial length, we could define the normal reference range of POBF in healthy Koreans.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Asian People , Blood Pressure/physiology , Eye/blood supply , Heart Rate/physiology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Korea , Pulsatile Flow/physiology , Reference Values , Tonometry, Ocular/methods
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(5): 415-420, 2006. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-451708

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have shown ocular haemorrhages in choline-deficient rats. The aim of this paper is to study further the relationship between ocular and renal lesions and biochemical alterations in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Fifty one weanling male Wistar rats, were divided into two groups. Thirty one ofthem were fed a choline-deficient diet and the rest was fed a choline- supplemented diet ad libitum. Animalsfrom both groups were killed between the fifth and the eighth day. Urea, creatinine and homocysteine concentrations in blood were determined. Eyes were used for light microscopy study; high resolution lightmicroscopy and the study of the retina as “rétine a plat”. Kidneys were studied by light microscopy. Cholinesupplementedrats did not show ocular or renal lesion. Choline-deficient rats that showed renal lesions, tubular or cortical necrosis, did not always have ocular changes. There were no ocular changes in the only cholinedeficient rat without renal lesion. The ocular changes consisted mainly in haemorrhage in both cameras andciliary and vitreous bodies. Correlations between ocular and renal lesion (r=0.72, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.48-0.86); ocular lesion and creatinine (r=0.86, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.72-0.93) and ocular lesion and urea (r=0.70, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.44-0.85) were positive. Choline-deficiency induces ocular haemorrhagic lesions after the development of renal necrosis. The ocular pathology could be due to the immaturity of the ocular vasculature at this age. The hyaloid, choroid and retinal system are involved


Estudios previos han demostradohemorragia ocular en ratas deficientes en colina. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en la relación entre las alteraciones oculares, renales y bioquímicas en ratas deficientes en colina. Cincuenta y una ratas Wistar macho recién destetadas fueron divididas en dos grupos: treinta y una fueron alimentadas con una dieta colino deficiente y el resto con colina suplementada ad-libitum. Los animales de ambos grupos fueron sacrificados entre el quinto y el octavo día. Se midió la concentración de urea, creatinina y homocisteína en sangre. Los ojos fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz, microscopía óptica de alta resolución y para el estudio de la retina como retina plana. Los riñones fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz. Las ratas suplementadas con colina no mostraron lesiones oculares o renales. Las colino deficientes que mostraron lesiones renales, necrosis tubular o cortical, no siempre tuvieron cambios oculares. No se encontraron cambios oculares en la única rata deficiente en colina sin lesión renal. Los cambios oculares consistieron principalmente en hemorragia enambas cámaras, cuerpo ciliar y vítreo. La correlación entre la lesión ocular y renal (r=0.72, p<0.0001, CI 95%:0.48-0.86), lesión ocular y creatinina (r=0.86, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.72-0.93) y lesión ocular y urea (r=0.70,p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.44-0.85) fue positiva. La deficiencia de colina induce lesiones oculares luego del desarrollode la necrosis renal. La patología ocular podría ser debida a la inmadurez de los vasos oculares. El sistemahialoide, coroideo y retinal están involucrados


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Choline Deficiency/pathology , Diet , Eye Injuries/pathology , Eye/ultrastructure , Kidney Cortex Necrosis/pathology , Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/pathology , Analysis of Variance , Choline Deficiency/complications , Creatinine/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Eye Injuries/complications , Eye/blood supply , Homocysteine/blood , Kidney Cortex Necrosis/etiology , Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/etiology , Rats, Wistar , Retinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Retinal Hemorrhage/pathology , Severity of Illness Index , Urea/blood
18.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. [89] p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-419542

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar quais das variáveis obtidas com exame doppler colorido que, associadas às de campo visual, podem permitir discriminar olhos normais de glaucomatosos. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo de 36 pacientes portadores de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto em uso de medicação antiglaucomatosa (grupo glaucoma) e 20 voluntários normais (grupo controle). Em ambos os grupos, apenas um olho de cada paciente foi escolhido de forma aleatória. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame de acuidade visual, tonometria, oftalmoscopia, paquimetria ultra-sônica, perimetria computadorizada e análise do fluxo sangüíneo dos vasos retrobulbares através do aparelho doppler colorido. Analisou-se a distribuição dos grupos quanto ao sexo, idade, espessura corneana central, pressão intra-ocular (Po), índices globais da perimetria computadorizada ("mean defect" e "loss variance") e os diversos parâmetros do doppler colorido (velocidade sistólica máxima da artéria central da retina, índice de resistência da artéria central da retina e artéria ciliar curta posterior). Foram aplicados os testes t de Student e o teste exato de Fisher para as variáveis independentes. Para as variáveis que tinham informações que diferenciavam os grupos controle e glaucoma, empregou-se a análise discriminante. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação à idade (p=0,155) e a espessura corneana central (p=0,147). As médias da Po foram 17,2 ± 5,1 mmHg nos olhos dos pacientes do grupo glaucoma e 15,5 ± 2,6 mmHg no grupo controle (p=0,112). O "mean defect" (MD) médio do grupo controle foi de -0,6 ± 1,1 dB e 14,2 ± 8,1 dB no grupo glaucoma (p=0,001). O "loss variance" (LV) médio do grupo controle foi de 2 ± 1,1 dB e 23,8 ± 24,4 dB no grupo glaucoma (p=0,001). A média da velocidade sistólica máxima (VSM) da artéria central da retina (ACR) analisada através do doppler colorido foi 12,8 ± 2,8 cm/s no grupo glaucoma e 10,6 ± 3,3 cm/s no grupo controle (p=0,014). A média do índice de resistência (IR) da ACR do grupo glaucoma foi de 0,75 ± 0,1 e do grupo controle foi de 0,63 ± 0,03 (p=0,01). As médias do IR da artéria ciliar curta posterior (ACCP) no grupo glaucoma e no grupo controle foram, respectivamente, 0,67 ± 0,1 e 0,54 ± 0,03 (p=0,001)...


Subject(s)
Glaucoma , Intraocular Pressure , Eye/blood supply , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
19.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2003 Jun; 51(2): 133-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-72247

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To estimate pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) among normal subjects and to compare various parameters in eyes of primary open angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: POBF was estimated in 95 eyes of 95 normal subjects above the age of 40 years and in 35 eyes of 35 primary open angle glaucoma patients using the OBF system (OBF Labs Ltd., UK). Correlation of age, gender, IOP, pulse amplitude, pulse volume and pulse rate with POBF was studied. POBF values were measured in glaucomatous patients before IOP control and one month later after control of IOP to < 22 mmHg. RESULTS: The mean POBF among normal subjects was 1382.2 +/- 413 ml/min (range 636-2291 m/min). Females had a significantly higher mean POBF (1512 +/- 347 ml/min) than males (1193 +/- 312 ml/min). The mean IOP among normal subjects was 12.6 mmHg and in glaucoma patients, 29.1 mmHg. Mean POBF in glaucomatous eyes with initially elevated IOP was 718.9 +/- 322.6 ml/min, which improved after IOP control to 1129 +/- 291 ml/min. IOP had a strong (P < .01) negative correlation with POBF (r = -0.667) CONCLUSIONS: POBF among eyes of normal subjects in this study is higher than reported among Caucasian eyes. Primary open angle glaucoma eyes with high IOP have significantly reduced ocular blood flow. Therapy aimed at lowering IOP has a positive effect onocular haemodynamics.


Subject(s)
Adult , Case-Control Studies , Eye/blood supply , Female , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/complications , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ocular Hypertension/complications , Pulsatile Flow , Regional Blood Flow
20.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2001 Mar; 49(1): 5-14
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-71947

ABSTRACT

The carotid artery supplies blood to the structures of the eye; therefore a variety of ocular vascular disturbances can occur secondary to abnormalities in the parent vessels. The ocular manifestations of chronic carotid artery abnormalities may often be subtle and overlooked or they may be acute, where the contribution of the carotid arteries in the aetiology may not be apparent on routine clinical evaluation. Ophthalmologists and neurologists working independently may not recognise the effects of carotid artery disturbances on the eye and missed diagnoses are not infrequent. In our experience of almost a decade in a tertiarycare referral hospital, we have not recorded any patient referred to us from a primary referring physician (either ophthlamologist or neurologist) as a case of ocular manifestation of a carotid artery disease. This brief review highlights the important clinical features, diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options in this group of disorders.


Subject(s)
Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Eye/blood supply , Humans , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/etiology , Peripheral Vascular Diseases/complications
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